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Program and Technical Guidance

Coral Reef Biological Criteria: Using the Clean Water Act to Protect a National Treasure (EPA) (EPA-600-R-10-054, July 2010) (141pp, 3.77MAbout PDF)

Concepts and Approaches for the Bioassessment of Non-wadeable Streams and Rivers (EPA 600-R-06-127 September 2006)

Use of Biological Information to Better Define Designated Aquatic Life Uses in State and Tribal Water Quality Standards: Tiered Aquatic Life Uses (DRAFT) (PDF)(EPA 822-R-05-001 August 2005) (208pp, 2.9 MAbout PDF)

Elements of a State Water Monitoring and Assessment Program (EPA 841-B-03-003 March 2003)

Consolidated Assessment and Listing Methodology–Toward a Compendium of Best Practices (July 2002)

Biological Assessments and Criteria: Crucial Components of Water Quality Programs (PDF) (EPA 822-F-02-006 summer 2002) (6 pp, 1M,About PDF)

Summary of Biological Assessment Programs and Biocriteria Development for States, Tribes, Territories, and Interstate Commissions: Streams and Wadeable Rivers (PDF) (EPA-822-R-02-048 December 2002) (404 pp, 16.1M,About PDF)

Estuarine & Coastal Marine Waters:Bioassessment & Biocriteria Guidance (EPA-822-B-00-024, December 2000)

Evaluation Guidelines for Ecological Indicators (PDF) (EPA 620-R-99-005 May 2000) (109pp, 2M, about PDF)

Stressor Identification Guidance Document (PDF) (EPA-822-B-00-025 December 2000) (228pp, 1.9M,About PDF)

Lake and Reservoir Bioassessment and Biocriteria - Technical Guidance Document (EPA 841-B-98-007, August 1998)

Biological Criteria: Technical Guidance for Survey Design and Statistical Evaluation of Biosurvey Data (PDF) (EPA 822-B97-002 December 1997) (47pp, 3.26M About PDF)

Biological Criteria: Technical Guidance for Streams and Small Rivers Revised Edition (1996) (PDF) (EPA-822-B-96-001 May 1996) (174pp, 4.3MAbout PDF)

Biological Assessment Methods, Biocriteria, and Biological Indicators: Bibliography of Selected Technical, Policy, and Regulatory Literature (PDF) (EPA-230-B-96-001 February 1996) (169pp, 542K,About PDF)

Summary of State Bioassessment Programs for Streams and Rivers (PDF) (EPA-230-R-96-007 February 1996) (168pp, 3M,About PDF)

Generic Quality Assurance Project Plan Guidance for Programs Using Community Level Biological Assessment in Wadeable Streams and Rivers (PDF) (EPA 841-B-95-004 July 1995) (100pp, 3894KAbout PDF)

Biological Criteria: Guide to Technical Literature (PDF) (EPA 440-5-91-004, July 1991) (145pp, 2.5MAbout PDF)

Biological Criteria: State Development and Implementation Efforts (PDF) (EPA 440-5-91-003, July 1991) (42pp, 2M,About PDF)

Biological Criteria: National Program Guidance for Surface Waters (EPA 440-5-90-004, April 1990) or download the entire pdf file here (68pp, 5.1M,About PDF)

Field and Lab Methods

Stony Coral Rapid Bioassessment Protocol (PDF) (EPA/600/R-06/167 July 2007) (72pp, 4.87MAbout PDF)

Field Operations Manual for Assessing the Hydrologic Permanence and Ecological Condition of Headwater Streams (EPA 600-R-06-126 October 2006)

Great River Ecosystems, Field Operations Manual (PDF) (EPA-620-R-06-002 Feb. 2006) (227pp, 12.8M, About PDF) and Spring 2006 Addenda (PDF) (9pp, 39K, About PDF)

National Coastal Assessment: Field Operations Manual (PDF) (EPA/620/R-01/003 June 2001) (77pp, 1M, About PDF)

Coastal 2000 - Northeast Component: Field Operations Manual (PDF) (EPA/620/R-00/002 April 2000) (85pp, 415K, About PDF)

Field Operations and Methods for Measuring the Ecological Condition of Non-Wadeable Rivers and Streams (PDF) 2000 (204pp, 6.1M, About PDF)

Quantifying Physical Habitat in Quantifying Physical Habitat in Wadeable Streams ( EPA-620-R-99-003, July 1999) (149 pp, 910 Kb, about PDF)

Rapid Bioassessment Protocols For Use in Streams and Wadeable Rivers: Periphyton, Benthic Macroinvertebrates, and Fish Second Edition (PDF) (EPA 841-B-99-002 July 1999) (See also the Quick Contents on this site)

Field Operations and Methods for Measuring the Ecological Condition of Wadeable Streams (PDF) (EPA-620-R-94-004F September 1998) (309 pp, 12.3M, About PDF)

Fish Field and Laboratory Methods for Evaluating the Biological Integrity of Surface Waters (PDF) (EPA 600-R-92-111 March 1993) (372 pp, 4.7MAbout PDF)

Macroinvertebrate Field and Laboratory Methods for Evaluating the Biological Integrity of Surface Waters (PDF) (EPA 600-4-90-030, PB91-171363, 1990) (272 pp, 3.9MAbout PDF)

Supporting Technical and Scientific Materials

Coral Reef Bioassessment and Biocriteria

Bradley, P. Fore. L., Fisher. W., and W. Davis. (2010). Coral Reef Biological Criteria: Using the Clean Water Act to Protect a National Treasure (PDF) (EPA-600-R-10-054, July 2010) (141pp, 3.77MAbout PDF)

Bradley, P.; W.S. Fisher; H. Bell; W. Davis. V. Chan; C. LoBue and W. Wiltse. (2009). Development and Implementation of Coral Reef Biocriteria in U.S. Jurisdictions (PDF). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 150:43-51 (9pp, 310KAbout PDF)

Fore, L.S.: J. R. Karr; W. S. Fisher; P. Bradley and W. S. Davis. (2009). Heeding a Call to Action for US Coral Reefs: The Untapped Potential of the Clean Water Act (PDF). Marine Polluition Bulletin 58:1421-1423 (3pp, 100KAbout PDF)

William S. Fisher; Leska S. Fore; Aaron Hutchins; Robert L. Quarles; Jed G. Campbell; Charles LoBou and Wayne S. Davis. (2008). Evaluation of Stony Coral Indicators for Coral Reef Management (PDF). Marine Pollution Bulletin 56:1737-1745 (9pp, 430K,About PDF)

Fore, L. S., W.S. Fisher, and W. S Davis. (2006). Bioassessment Tools for Stony Corals: Field Testing of Monitoring Protocols in the US Virgin Islands (St. Croix) (PDF) (EPA-260-R-06-004 December 2006) (51pp, 917K,About PDF)

Fore, L. S., W.S. Fisher, and W. S Davis. (2006). Bioassessment Tools for Stony Corals: Statistical Evaluation of Candidate Metrics in the Florida Keys (PDF) (EPA-260-R-06-002 August 2006) (35pp, 212K,About PDF)

Fore, L. S., W.S. Fisher, and W. S Davis. (2006). Bioassessment Tools for Stony Corals: Monitoring Approaches and Proposed Sampling Plan for the U.S. Virgin Islands (PDF) (EPA-260-R-06-003, August 2006) (25pp, 470K,About PDF)

Coral Reef Factsheet (EPA-842-F-05-001h, Oct. 2005)

Jameson S.C., Erdmann M.V., Gibson G.R. Jr, and K.W.Potts. (1998). Charting a Course Toward Diagnostic Monitoring: A Continuing Review of Coral Reef Attributes and a Research Strategy for Creating Coral Reef Indexes of Biotic Integrity

Development of Biological Criteria for Coral Reef Ecosystem Assessment

Coral Reefs and Your Coastal Watershed

Stream and River Bioassessment

Pond, G.J. et al. (2008). Downstream Effects of Mountaintop Coal Mining: Comparing Biological Conditions Using Family- and Genus-level Macroinvertebrate Bioassessment Tools (PDF) Journal North American Benthological Society 27(3):717-737 (21pp, 860K,About PDF)

Grabarkiewicz, J.D. and W.S.Davis. (2008). An Introduction to Freshwater Mussels as Biological Indicators - Including Accounts of Interior Basin, Cumberlandian, and Atlantic Slope Species (PDF) (EPA-260-R-08-015 November 2008) (122pp, 3.6M,About PDF)

Grabarkiewicz, J.D. and W.S.Davis. (2008). An Introduction to Freshwater Fishes as Biological Indicators (PDF) (EPA-260-R-08-016 November 2008) (96pp, 3.3M,About PDF)

Pfeiffer, J., Kosnicki, E., Bilger, M., Marshall, B.D. and W. Davis. (2008). Taxonomic Aids for Mid-Atlantic Benthic Macroinvertebrates - Ephemeroptera: Baetidae; Plecoptera: Capniidae/Leuctridae; Diptera: Simuliidae (PDF) (EPA-260-R-08-014 November 2008) (48pp, 1.8M,About PDF)

Rogers, D. C. and M. Hill. ( 2008.) Key to the Freshwater Malacostraca (Crustacea) of the Mid-Atlantic Region (PDF) (EPA-260-R-08-017, November 2008) (56pp, 2M,About PDF)

Paulsen, S. G. et al. (2008). Condition of Stream Ecosystem in the US: An Overview of the First National Assessment (PDF). Journal North American Benthological Society 27(4):812-821 (10pp, 418K,About PDF)

Herlihy, A.T. et al. (2008). Striving for Consistency in a National Assessment: the Challenges of Applying a Reference-condition Approach at a Continental Scale (PDF). Journal North American Benthological Society 27(4):860-877 (18pp, 358K,About PDF)

Anthony R. Olsen and David V. Peck. (2008). Survey Design and Extent Estimates for the Wadeable Streams Assessment (PDF). Journal North American Benthological Society 27(4):822-836 (15pp, 479K,About PDF)

VanSickle, J. et al. (2008). An index of compositional dissimilarity between observed and expected assemblages (PDF). Journal North American Benthological Society 27 (2):227–235. (9pp, 125K,About PDF)

Stoddard, J.J. et al. ( 2008). A Process for Creating Multimetric Indices for Large-scale Aquatic Surveys (PDF). Journal North American Benthological Society 27(4):878-891 (14pp, 312K,About PDF)

VanSickle J. and S. G. Paulsen. (2008). Assessing the attributable risks, relative risks, and regional extents of aquatic stressors (PDF). Journal North American Benthological Society 27(4):920–931 (12pp, 309K,About PDF)

Yuan, L.L. et al. (2008). Effects of regionalization decisions on an O/E index for the US national assessment (PDF). Journal North American Benthological Society 27(4):892–905 (14pp, 370K,About PDF)

Survey of the Nation’s Rivers Web site - available documents listed

Hayslip, G. et al. (2007). Ecological Condition of Wadeable Streams of the Interior Columbia River Basin (PDF) (EPA-910-R-07-005 December 2007) (66 pp, 1.4M,About PDF))

Whittier, T.R. et al. (2007). Selecting Reference Sites for Stream Biological Assessments: Best Professional Judgment or Objective Criteria (PDF). Journal North American Benthological Society 26(2):349–360 (12pp, 173K,About PDF)

Great Rivers Reference Condition Workshop - January 2006

Stoddard, J.L. et al. (2006). Setting Expectations for the Ecological Condition of Streams: The Concept of Reference Condition (PDF). Ecological Applications 16(4):1267-1276) (10pp, 231K,About PDF)

Blocksom, K.A. and L. Winters. ( 2006). The Evaluation of Methods for Creating Defensible, Repeatable, Objective and Accurate Tolerance Values for Aquatic Taxa (PDF) (EPA 600-R-06-045 May 2006) (68pp, 2.4M,About PDF)

Wadeable Streams Assessment: A Collaborative Survey of the Nation's Streams (EPA 841-B-06-002 December 2006)

Southerland, M., et al.(2006) Proof of Concept for Integrating Results from Three State Probabilistic Monitoring Programs (PDF) (EPA-903-R-06-003 June 2006) (36pp, 815K,About PDF)

Davis, W.S. et al.(2006). Developing Biological Indicators: Lessons Learned from Mid-Atlantic Streams (PDF) (brochure, EPA-903-F-06-001 January 2006) (8pp, 913K,About PDF)

Mid-Atlantic Integrated Assessment (MAIA) State of the Flowing Waters Report (PDF) (EPA-620-R-06-001 February 2006) (85 pp, 4.2M,About PDF)

Estimation and Application of Macroinvertebrate Tolerance Values (EPA-600-P-04-116F, March 2006)

Indicators for the Assessment of Great River Ecosystems EMAP-GRE Workshop - October 24-26, 2006, Duluth, Minnesota - link to meeting presentations

Astin, L.E. (2006). Data Synthesis and Bioindicator Development for Nontidal Streams in the Interstate Potomac River basin, USA (PDF). Ecological Indicators 6 (2006) 664–685 (22pp, 328K,About PDF)

Flotemersch, J.E. et al. (2006). Development of a Standardized Large River Bioassessment Protocol (LR-BP) for Macroinvertebrate Assemblages (PDF). River Research and Applications 22: 775–790 (16pp, 333K,About PDF)

An Ecological Assessment of Western Streams and Rivers (PDF) (EPA-620-R-05-005 September 2005) (56pp, 2.7M,About PDF)

EMAP Western Streams and Rivers Statistical Summary (PDF) (EPA 620-R-05-006 June 2005) (1,762pp, 12.7M,About PDF)

Flotemersch, J.E. and K.A. Blocksom. (2005). Electrofishing in Boatable Rivers: Does Sampling Design Affect Bioassessment Metrics? (PDF). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 102:263-283. (21pp, 790KAbout PDF)

Blocksom, K.A. and J.E. Flotemersch. (2005). Comparison of Macroinvertebrate Sampling Methods for Nonwadeable Streams (PDF). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 102:243-262. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 77:311-333. (20pp, 1.1M,About PDF)

A Review of Biological Assessment Tools and Biocriteria for Streams and Rivers in New England States (PDF) (EPA-600-R-04-168 Oct. 2004) (124 pp, 1.7M,About PDF)

Griffith, M.B. et al. (2004). Comparative Application of Indices of Biotic Integrity Based on Periphyton, Macroinvertebrates, and Fish to Southern Rocky Mountain Streams (PDF). Ecological Indicators 5:117-136. (20pp, 390K,About PDF)

Evaluation and Development of Large River Biological Assessment Methods and Standardized Protocols for Region V: Boat Electrofishing Methods Comparison Study (PDF) (110 pp, 2.8M,About PDF)

Technical Components of State and Tribal Bioassessment Programs (PDF) (EPA-822-F-03-009 January 2004) (8pp, 1.3M,About PDF)

Region V State Bioassessment and Ambient Monitoring Programs: Initial Evaluation and Review (January 2004)

Pilot Study for Montgomery County and Maryland DNR Data Integration: Comparison of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Sampling Protocols for Freshwater Streams (PDF) (EPA-903-R-03-005 May 2003) (51pp, 917K,About PDF)

States and Tribes Embrace Bioassessment and Biocriteria for Protecting Streams and Small Rivers (PDF) (EPA-822-F-03-005 June 2003) (5pp, 1.39M,About PDF)

Developing Biological Indicators: Lessons Learned from Mid-Atlantic Streams (PDF) (EPA-903-R-03-003 March 2003) (54pp, 1.6M,About PDF)

Blocksom, K.A. (2003). A Performance Comparison of Metric Scoring Methods for a Multimetric Index for Mid-Atlantic Highlands Streams (PDF). Environmental Management 31(5):670-682. (13pp, 222K,About PDF)

Klemm, D.J. et al. (2003). Development and Evaluation of a Macroinvertebrate Biotic Integrity Index (MBII) for Regionally Assessing Mid-Atlantic Highlands Streams (PDF) Environmental Management 31(5):629-635. (14pp, 358K,About PDF)

Hill, B.H. et al. (2003). Assessment of Streams of the Eastern United States using a Periphyton Index of Biotic Integrity (PDF). Ecological Indicators 2:325-338. (14pp, 550K,About PDF)

Biological Indicator Variability and Stream Monitoring Program Integration: A Maryland Case Study (PDF) (EPA-903-R-02-008, March 2002) (93pp, 2.36M,About PDF)

Case Study: Montgomery County, Maryland Uses Biological Monitoring to Better Understand and Manage Watersheds (PDF) (EPA-903-F-02-005 August 2002) (8pp, 3.3M,About PDF)

Klemm, D.J. et al. (2002). Methods Development and use of Macroinvertebrates as Indicators of Ecological Conditions for Streams in the Mid-Atlantic Highlands Region (PDF). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 78: 169–212, 2002. (44pp, 304K,About PDF)

Flotemersch, J. E. and S. M. Cormier. 2001. Comparisons of Boating and Wading Methods Used to Assess the
Status of Flowing Waters (PDF). (EPA-600-R-00-108 April 2001) (145 pp, 877K,About PDF)

Mid-Atlantic Highlands Streams Assessment: Technical Support Document (PDF). (EPA-903-B-00-004 October 2000) (113 pp, 9.8M,About PDF)

Chris O. Yoder, Robert J. Miltner and David White. 2000. Using Biological Criteria to Assess and Classify Urban Streams to Develop Imroved Landscape Indicators (PDF). pp.32 -44 in National Confierence on Tools for Urban Water Resource Management and Protection EPA-625-R-00-001 (147pp, 440K,About PDF)

Karr, J.R. and E. W. Chu. 1997. Biological Monitoring and Assessment: Using Multimetric Indexes Effectively (PDF). (EPA-235-R97-001 December 1997) (155 pp, 7.5M,About PDF)

Arthur, J.W. et al. 1997. Evaluation of Low Order Stream Quality in Central Iowa (PDF). (EPA-600-R-97-009 June 1997) (46 pp, 682K,About PDF)

Evaluation of Draft Technical Guidance on Biological Criteria for Streams and Small Rivers (PDF) (EPA Science Advisory Board, EPA-SAB-EPEC-94-003, November 1993) (31 pp, 1.1M,About PDF)

Estuarine Bioassessment

National Coastal Condition Reports

Ecological Condition of the Columbia River Estuary (PDF) (EPA 910-R-07-004 December 2007) (60 pp, 1.6M,About PDF)

Ecological Condition of the Estuaries of Oregon and Washington: An Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) Report (PDF) (EPA 910-R-06-001 March 2006) (83 pp, 2.8M,About PDF)

Coastal Communication Reports

Condition of the Mid-Atlantic Estuaries (PDF) (EPA-600-R-98-147 November 1998) (60 pp, 3.2M,About PDF)

Chesapeake Bay Water Quality Monitoring Program Long-term benthic monitoring and assessment component. Level 1 comprehensive report. July 1984-December 1997. 1998 (109 pp, 5.1M,About PDF)

USEPA Region 3 Quality Assurance Guidelines for Sorting (PDF) (9 pp., 93K,About PDF) and Identifying Marine Benthos (PDF) (8 pp., 93K,About PDF) (contact Dr. Dave Russell for more information)

Lakes Bioassessment

Survey of the Nation's Lakes Web site listing available documents

Blocksom, K.A. (2002). Development and Evaluation of the Lake Macroinvertebrate Integrity Index (LMII) for New Jersey Lakes and Reservoirs (PDF) Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 77: 311–333, 2002. (23pp, 370K,About PDF)

Review of the Draft Guidance for Lakes and Reservoir Bioassessment and Biocriteria (PDF) (EPA Science Advisory Board)( 15 pp, 167K,About PDF) )

Wetlands Bioassessment and Biocriteria

Monitoring and Assessment documents for wetlands

Visit Office of Water's Biological Assessment of Wetlands

Biological Assessment and Criteria Programs for Wetlands

Bioindicators for Assessing Ecological Integrity of Prairie Wetlands (September 1995)

Wetland Bioassessment Fact Sheets (Office of Water)

Techniques, and Applications of Community Level Biomonitoring Data (EPA ORD)

Proceedings of the Wetlands Biological Assessment Methods and Criteria Development Workshop, Boulder, Colorado 1996

Impacts on Quality of Inland Wetlands of the United States: A Survey of Indicators, Techniques, and Applications of Community Level Biomonitoring Data (EPA/600/3-90/073)

Volunteer Monitoring Program

Volunteer Monitoring Page with links to publications (Office of Water)

Volunteer Stream Monitoring: A Methods Manual (Office of Water)

The Volunteer Monitor's Guide to Quality Assurance Project Plans (Office of Water) 

General and Historical

Yoder, C.O. and M.T. Barbour. 2009. Critical technical elements of state bioassessment programs: a process to evaluate program rigor and comparability (PDF). Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 150:31–42 (12pp, 250K,About PDF)

Shapiro, M. H., Holdsworth, S. M. and S. G. Paulsen. 2008. The Need to Assess the Condition of Aquatic Resources in the US (PDF) Journal of the North American Benthological Society 27(4):808-811. (4pp, 160K,About PDF)

Davies SP, Jackson SK. 2006. The Biological Condition Gradient: A Descriptive Model for Interpreting Change in Aquatic Ecosystems (PDF) Ecological Applications 16(4): 1251–1266 (16pp, 184K,About PDF)

VanSickle, J. et al. 2006. Using Relative Risk to Compare the Effects of Aquatic Stressors at a Regional Scale (PDF). Environmental Management 38:1020–1030 (11pp, 321K,About PDF)

Yoder, C.O. et al. 2005. Changes in Fish Assemblage Status in Ohio’s Nonwadeable Rivers and Streams Over Two Decades (PDF). pp 399-430. in J.N. Rinne, R.M. Hughes, and B. Calamusso, editors. Historical changes in large river fish assemblages of the Americas. American Fisheries Society Symposium 45, Bethesda, Maryland. 16(4): 1251–1266 (31pp, 675K,About PDF)

Karr, J.R. and C. O. Yoder. 2004. Biological Assessment and Criteria Improve Total Maximum Daily Load Decision Making (PDF). Journal of Environmental Engineering 130:6(594-604) (11pp, 154K,About PDF)

Yoder, C.O. and B. H. Kulik. 2003. The Development and Application of Multimetric Indices for the Assessment of Impacts to Fish Assemblages in Large Rivers: A Review of Current Science and Applications (PDF). Canadian Water Resources Journal 28(2): 1-28. (28pp, 321K,About PDF)

Bryce, S.A. et al. 2002. Development of a Bird Integrity Index: Using Bird Assemblages as Indicators of Riparian Condition (PDF). Environmental Management Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 294–310 (17pp, 209K,About PDF)

Simon, T.P. 2000. The Use of Biological Criteria as a Tool for Water Resource Management. Environmental Science and Policy 3:S43-S49 (PDF). (7pp, 260K,About PDF)

Barbour, M.T. et al. 2000. Meauring the Attainment of Biological Integrity in the USA: A Critical Element of Ecological Integrity (PDF) Hydrobiologia 422/423: 453-464. (12pp, 410K,About PDF)

Karr, J.R. and E.W.Chu. 1997. Biological Monitoring and Assessment: Using Multimetric Indexes Effectively (PDF) (EPA-235-R-97-001) (155pp, 8.8M,About PDF)

USEPA. 1996. Combined Sewer Overflows and the Multimetric Evaluation of Their Biological Effects: Case Studies in Ohio and New York (PDF) (EPA 823-R-96-002 April 1996) (98pp, 8.5M,About PDF)

Omernik, J. 1995. Ecoregions: A Spatial Framework for Environmental Management (PDF) (19 pp., 551K,About PDF)

Davis, W.S. 1995. Biological Assessment and Criteria: Building on the Past (PDF) (16pp, 1.1M,About PDF)

Yoder, C. and E. Rankin. 1995. Biological Response Signatures and the Area of Degradation Value - New Tools for Interpreting Multimetric Data (PDF) (24pp, 1.9M,About PDF)

Jackson, S.K. and W. Davis. 1994. Meeting the Goal of Biological Integrity in Water-Resource Programs in the US Environmental Protection Agency (PDF) Journal of the North American Benthological Society, Vol. 13, No. 4, 592-597 (6 pp, 445K,About PDF)

Simon, T.P. and W.S. Davis (eds). 1992. Proceedings of the 1991 Midwest Pollution Control Biologists Meeting (PDF) (EPA 905-R-92-003 March 1992) (119pp, 2M,About PDF)

Davis, W.S. and J. Lathrop. 1992. Sediment Classification Methods Compendium - Freshwater Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community Structure and Function (PDF) (EPA-823-R-92-006 September 1992) (28 pp, 2.5M,About PDF)

USEPA. 1991. Biological Criteria: Research and Regulation - Proceedings of a Symposium (PDF) (EPA 440-5-91-005, July 1991) (174 pp, 3.9M,About PDF)

Davis, W.S. (ed) 1990. Proceedings of the 1990 Midwest Pollution Control Biologists Meeting (PDF) (EPA 905-R-90-005 October 1990) (159pp, 5.3M,About PDF)

Davis, W.S. 1990. A Historical Persective on Regulatory Biology (PDF) (13pp, 870K,About PDF)

Karr, J.R. 1990. Biological Integrity and the Goal of Environmental Legislation: Lessons for Conservation Biology (PDF). Conservation Biology, Vol. 4, No. 3, (Sep., 1990), pp. 244-250 (7pp, 134K,About PDF)

Yoder, C. 1990. Ohio EPA's Use of Biological Survey Information (PDF) - Water Quality Program Highlights, Assessment and Watershed Protection Division, Office of Water. May 1990. (4pp, 450K,About PDF)

Gallant, A.L. et al. 1989. Regionalization as a Tool for Managing Environmental Resources (PDF) (EPA-600-3-89-060 July 1989) (182pp, 2.4M,About PDF)

Simon, T.P., L.L. Holst, and L. Shapard (eds). 1988. Proceedings of the First National Workshop on Biological Criteria (PDF) (EPA 905-R-89-003 December 1988) (140pp, 3.5M,About PDF)

Davis, W.S., J. Luey, T.P.Simon, J. Maxted, J. Plafkin, R. Hughes and T. Whittier. 1988. Report of the National Workshop on Instream Biological Monitoring and Criteria (PDF) (held in Lincolnwood, Illinois December 2-4, 1987) (42pp, 4.3M,About PDF)

Whittier, T.R, D.P.Larsen, R.M. hughes, C.M. Rohm, A. Gallant and J.M. Omernik. 1987. The Ohio Stream Regionalization Project: A Compendium of Results (PDF) (EPA-600-3-87-025 June 1987)(73pp, 2.7M,About PDF)

Larsen, D.P., R.M. Hughes, J.M. Omernik, D.R. Dudley, C.M. Rohm, T.R. Whittier, A.J. Kinney, and A.L. Gallant. 1986. Correspondence between spatial patterns in fish assemblages in Ohio streams and aquatic ecoregions (PDF) Environmental Management 10:815-828. (14pp, 1.3M,About PDF)

Hughes, R.M., D.P. Larsen, and J.M. Omernik. 1986. Regional reference sites: A method for assessing stream potentials (PDF). Environmental Management 10:629-635. (7pp, 0.85M,About PDF).

Hughes, R.M., J.H. Gakstatter, M.A. Shirazi.and J.M. Omernik. 1982. An approach for determining biological integrity in flowing waters (PDF). Pages 877-888 in T.B. Brown (editor). In Place Resource Inventories: Principles and Practices, A National Workshop. Paper presented at the workshop August 9-14, 1981. Society of American Foresters, Bethesda, Maryland (12pp, 525K,About PDF)

Klemm, D.J. 1982. Leeches (Annelida: Hirudinea) of North America (PDF) Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268. EPA-600-3-82-025. (196pp, 2.7M,About PDF)

Stimpson, K. S. et al. 1982. A Guide to the Freshwater Tubificidae (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta) of North America (PDF). Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH 45268. EPA-600-3-82-033 April 1982. (70pp, 756K,About PDF)

Karr, J. R. 1981. Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities (PDF) Fisheries (Bethesda) 6: 21-27. (7pp, 538K,About PDF)

Karr, J.R. and D.R. Dudley. 1981. Ecological perspectives on water quality goals. Environmental Management 5:55-68. (14 pp., 411K,About PDF)

Weber, C.I. 1980. Federal and State Biomonitoring Programs (PDF) pp 25-52 in Worf, editor. Biological Monitoring for Environmental Effects. Lexington Books, Lexington, Massachusetts. (28pp, 1.9M,About PDF)

Cunningham, P.A. and C. O. Whitaker. 1979. A Survey of the Status of Biomonitoring in State NPDES and Nonpoint Source Monitoring Programs (PDF). (112pp, 5.8M,About PDF)

Cunningham, P.A. and C. O. Whitaker. 1979. A Survey of the Status of Biomonitoring in State NPDES and Nonpoint Source Monitoring Programs (PDF) - Appendices. (162pp, 6.7M,About PDF)

Schuster, G.A. and D.A. Etnier. 1978. Manual for the Identification of the Larvae of the Caddisfly Genera Hydropsyche Pictet and Symphitopsyche Ulmer in Eastern and Central North America (Trichoptera:Hydropsychidae) (PDF) (EPA -600-4-78-060 October 1978) (148pp, 2.5M,About PDF)

Frey, D. 1977. Biological integrity of water: an historical approach (PDF) Pages 127-140 in R.K. Ballentine and L.J. Guarraia (editors). The Integrity of Water. Proceedings of a Symposium, March 10-12, 1975, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. (18pp, 1.2M,About PDF)

Cairns, John. 1977. Quantification of Biological Integrity (PDF) Pages 171-187 in R.K. Ballentine and L.J. Guarraia (editors). The Integrity of Water. Proceedings of a Symposium, March 10-12, 1975, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. (10pp, 569K,About PDF)

Jorling, Thomas. 1977. Incorporating Ecological Interpretation into Basic Statutes (PDF). Pages 9-14 in R.K. Ballentine and L.J. Guarraia (editors). The Integrity of Water. Proceedings of a Symposium, March 10-12, 1975, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. (10pp, 569K,About PDF)

Woodwell, G.M. 1977. Biological Integrity - 1975 (PDF). Pages 141-147 in R.K. Ballentine and L.J. Guarraia (editors). The Integrity of Water. Proceedings of a Symposium, March 10-12, 1975, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C. (11pp, 651K,About PDF)

Weber, C.I. 1973. Biological Field and Laboratory Methods for Measuring the Quality of Surface Waters and Effluents (PDF) EPA-670-4-73-001. National Environmental Research Center, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (194pp, 3.2MB,About PDF)

Klemm, D.J. 1972. Biota of Freshwater Ecosystems Identification Manual 8 Freshwater Leeches Annelida Hirudinea of North America (PDF) (58pp, 2.7M,About PDF)

Mason, W.T., P. A. Lewis and J. B. Anderson. 1971. Macroinvertebrate Collections and Water Quality Monitoring in the Ohio River Basin, 1963-1967 (PDF) EPA-R-71-003  (125pp, 4.7M,About PDF

Keup, L.E., W.M. ingram and K.M. Mackenthum. 1967. Biology of Water Pollution - A Collection of Selected Papers on Stream Pollution, Waste Water, and Water Treatment (PDF). (132pp, 9.5M,About PDF) US Department of the Interior, Federal Water Pollution Control Administration. Washington, DC.

Tarzwel, C.M. 1965. Biological Problems in Water Pollution - Third Seminar 1962 (PDF) (EPA-000-R-65-104) (426pp, 10.1M,About PDF)

Anderson; J.B.; Henson; E.B. and C.I. Weber. 1965. The Role of Benthos and Plankton Studies in a Water Pollution Surveillance Program (PDF) Proceedings of the Twentieth Industrial Waste Conference, May 4-6, 1965 Engineering Extension Service No. 188:275-296. Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana (22pp, 1.4M,About PDF)

Kerr, R.W. et al. (1941). A Study of the Pollution and Natrual Purification of the Scioto River (PDF). (EPA-000-R41-001) (44pp, 4.1M,About PDF) US Public Health Service. Washington, DC.

US Geological Survey Publications

National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Biological Sampling, Habitat, and Laboratory Protocols

Ecological National Synthesis (ENS) Project - Publications - Publications

Index of Biotic Integrity Applied to a Flow-regulated River System. Bowen, Z.H., M.C. Freeman, and D.L. Watson. 1998.

Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water Quality Final Report: Technical Appendix E: Indicator Selection Criteria

Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water Quality Final Report: Technical Appendix F: Ecoregions, Reference Condition and Index Calibration

Intergovernmental Task Force on Monitoring Water Quality Final Report: Technical Appendix G: Multimetric Approach for Describing Ecological Conditions

Methods for Sampling Fish Communities as a Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program (USGS Open-File Report 93-104)

Methods for Collecting Benthic Invertebrate Samples as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program (USGS Open-File Report 93-406)

Guidelines for the Processing and Quality Assurance of Benthic Invertebrate Samples Collected as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program (USGS Open-File Report 93-407)

Methods for Characterizing Stream Habitat as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program (USGS Open-File Report 93-408)

Methods for Collecting Algal Samples as Part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program (USGS Open-File Report 93-409)

Biotic Integrity of the Boise River Upstream & Downstream from Two Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities, Boise, Idaho, 1995-96 (William H. Mullins, USGS)

Non-EPA/USGS Publications (Note: all of the following links exit the EPA website Exit EPA Disclaimer

American Fisheries Society

Center for Applied Bioassessment & Biocriteria

Karr, J. R. 1981. Assessment of biotic integrity using fish communities (PDF) Fisheries (Bethesda) 6: 21-27 (7pp, 193K,About PDF)

A New Approach to Assessing Ecological Health: Developing an Index of Biological Integrity with Insects at Hanford (Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation)

An Assessment of the Biological Integrity of the Western Canadian River Basin in Texas (Red River Authority of Texas)

Biological Criteria for Water Resource Management (C. Yoder and E. Rankin – Measures of Environmental Performance and Ecosystem Condition (1999) National Academy of Engineering

Freshwater Benthic Ecology and Aquatic Entomology - 2002 - S.M. Mandaville from the Soil & Water Conservation Society of Metro Halifax

Central Plains Center for Bioassessment - publications

Communicating Ecological Indicators to Decision Makers and the Public

Field Guide to Freshwater Mussels of the Midwest (Illinois Natural History Survey)

Journal of the North American Benthological Society (NABS) Abstracts

North American Benthological Society (NABS) Bulletins

SalmonWeb Biomonitoring Publications

Bacterial growth on stream insects: potential for use in bioassessment (Dennis Lemly, in JNABS)

Southern California Bight 2008 Regional Monitoring Program Documents

History of the EPT Taxa Richness Metric (Dave Lenat and Dave Penrose, NABS)

Application of the Index of Biotic Integrity to Evaluate Water Resource Integrity in Freshwater Ecosystems (PDF) (Thomas Simon and John Lyons) (15pp, 160K,About PDF)

Mandaville, S.M. 2002. Benthic Macroinvertebrates in Freshwaters- Taxa Tolerance Values, Metrics, and Protocols (PDF). Project H-1, Soil & Water Conservation Society of Metro Halifax. xviii, 48p., Appendices A-B. 120p total. (128pp, 221K,About PDF)

State Publications (Note: all of the following links exit the EPA website Exit EPA Disclaimer

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