Research Product

Three distinct mechanisms of horizontal gene transfer between bacteria have been identified under controlled laboratory conditions. Gene transmission under natural conditions is important to the evolution and genetic diversity of natural populations of bacteria. It may also result in significant consequences to the environment if and when engineered microorganisms (GEMs) are released either accidentally or deliberately. As the use of GEMs in agriculture, mining, and waste treatment becomes more and more probable, it is imperative that we explore and understand the potential for, and mechanisms of, horizontal gene transmission in various natural ecosystems. This chapter considers genetic reassortment in the aquatic environment.