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We have determined the nucleotide sequences of IS406 (1368 bp) and IS407 (1236 bp), two insertion sequence (IS) elements isolated from Pseudomonas cepacia 249 on the basis of their abilities to activate the expression of the lac genes of Tn951. IS406 and IS407 when inserted into the lac promoter/operator region of Tn951 generated, respectively, duplications of 8 and 4 bp of target DNA. IS406 had 41-bp terminal inverted repeat (IR) sequences witheleven mismatches. IR-L (left) contained a 12-bp motif present at the ends of Tn2501. In other respects, IS406 was distinct from previously described bacterial IS elements listed in the Gen BAnk and EMBL databases. IS407 had 49-bp terminal IRs with 18 mismatches. IR-R (right) contained an outwardly directed sigma superscript 70-like promoter. IS407 was closely related to Is476 and ISR1 from Xanthomonas and Rhizobium sp., respectively.