Lake Superior LaMP

Stage 3 -   Reducing Critical Pollutants

Draft, November 1999
Prepared by the Lake Superior Binational Program

• Preamble
• Acknowledgments
• Lake Superior Watershed Map
• Executive Summary 
• Introduction

Chapter 1: Progress Toward Zero Discharge

• 1.1 Introduction: Progress Under the Binational Program Agreement of 1991
• 1.2 Load Reductions
• 1.2.1 Introduction
• 1.2.2 Mercury
• 1.2.3 PCBs
• 1.2.3.1 PCB Reporting Status
• 1.2.3.2 Current Use
• 1.2.3.3 PCB Reduction Goals and Progress
• 1.2.4 Dioxin
• 1.2.4.1 Hexachlorobenzene
• 1.2.4.2 Octachlorostyrene
• 1.2.5 Pesticides

Chapter 2: Reduction Strategies

• 2.1 Introduction
• 2.2 Multiple Sector Strategies
• 2.2.1 Introduction
• 2.2.2 Voluntary Agreements
• 2.2.3 Economic Incentives, Evaluation and Assistance
• 2.2.4 Other Incentives
• 2.2.5 Purchasing Policies
• 2.2.6 Product Stewardship
• 2.2.7 Energy Conservation
• 2.2.8 Collections
• 2.2.9 Pesticide Use
• 2.2.10 Solid Waste Management
• 2.2.11 PCB Phaseout
• 2.3 Sector Specific Strategies
• 2.3.1 Introduction
• 2.3.2 Demolition, Salvage and Recycling
• 2.3.3 Schools
• 2.3.4 Small Business
• 2.3.5 Mining
• 2.3.6 Health Care
• 2.3.7 Energy Production
• 2.3.8 Forest Products
• 2.3.8b Other Industrial Sectors
• 2.3.9 Public Sector
• 2.3.10 Communities and Households
• 2.4 Out Of Basin Strategies
• 2.4.1 Introduction
• 2.4.2 Atmospheric Deposition
• 2.4.3 Manufacturing

Chapter 3: Contaminated Sites Strategies

• 3.1 Introduction
• 3.2 Overview of Lake Superior Basin Contamination
• 3.3 Objectives 
• 3.4 Strategies

Chapter 4: Monitoring Strategies

• 4.1 Introduction
• 4.2 Goals
• 4.2.1 Source Monitoring
• 4.2.2 Environmental Monitoring
• 4.3 Strategies
• 4.3.1 Source Monitoring
• 4.3.2 Environmental Monitoring

Chapter 5: The Next Milestones

• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 Planning Activities
• 5.3 Chemical Reduction Schedule
• 5.3.1 Mercury
• 5.3.1.1 Current Load/Reduction Goals
• 5.3.1.2 Sources
• 5.3.1.3 Strategies for Reduction
• 5.3.2 PCBs
• 5.3.2.1 Current Load/Reduction Loads
• 5.3.2.2 Sources
• 5.3.2.3 Strategies for Reduction
• 5.3.3 Dioxin, HCB and OCS
• 5.3.3.1 Current Load/Reduction Schedules
• 5.3.3.2 Sources
• 5.3.3.3 Strategies for Reduction
• 5.3.4 Pesticides
• 5.3.4.1 Current Load/Reduction Goals
• 5.3.4.2 Sources
• 5.3.4.3 Strategies for Reduction

Chapter 6: Conclusions

• 6.1 Introduction
• 6.2 Chemicals
• 6.2.1 Mercury
• 6.2.2 PCBs
• 6.2.3 Pesticides
• 6.2.4 Dioxin, HCB and OCS
• 6.2.5 General Strategies (applicable to several targeted pollutants)

References R-1

• Appendix A Compound Estimates and Assumptions
• A.1 Mercury Emission and Disposal Estimates
• A.1.1 Mercury Emission and Disposal Estimates for the U.S. Lake Superior Basin
• A.1.2 Mercury Emission and Disposal Estimates for the Canadian Lake Superior Basin 
• A.2 PCB Use Estimates
• A.2.1 PCB Emission Estimates for the U.S. Lake Superior Basin
• A.2.2 PCB Emission Estimates for the Canadian Lake Superior Basin
• A.3 Dioxin Emission and Disposal Estimates
• A.3.1 Dioxin Emission Estimates for the U.S. Lake Superior Basin
• A.3.2 Dioxin Emission Estimates for the Canadian Lake Superior Basin

List of Tables

• ES-1 Summary of Reduction Goals for Lake Superior Virtual Elimination
  Pollutants
• 1.1 Ongoing Release: Mercury to Air and Water from Sources in the Lake Superior Basin, 1990 and 1999 (kg/year)
• 1.2 Potential Release: Mercury to Landfills and Soils from Sources in the Lake Superior Basin, 1990 and 1999 (kg/year)
• 1.3 Estimated PCB Use in the U.S. and Canada 
• 1.4 PCBs Received at Commercial Disposal Facilities in the U.S.
• 1.5 PCBs Received at Commercial Storage Facilities in the U.S.
• 1.6 Solid PCB Waste Destroyed at Provincially Monitored Sites in Ontario (kilograms) 
• 1.7 Liquid PCB Waste Destroyed at Provincially Monitored Sites in Ontario (litres)
• 1.8 Summary of Lake Superior Basin Dioxin Emission Estimates 1990 to 1999 
• 1.9 Clean Sweep Collections Of Pesticides In The Lake Superior States (U.S. Programs) 
• 3.1 Contaminated Sites in the Lake Superior Basin
• A.1 1999 Mercury Emission Estimates For The U.S. Lake Superior Basin
• A.2 1999 Mercury Emission Estimates For The Lake Superior Canadian Basin
• A.3.1 U.S. Lake Superior Basin Dioxin Emission and Disposal Estimates
• A.3.2 Dioxin Emissions from Wood and Coal Combustion
• A.3.3 Emission Factors for Household Waste Combustion in Burn Barrels
• A.3.4 Dioxin Generated from Household Waste Combustion in Burn Barrels
• A.3.5 Canadian Lake Superior Basin Dioxin Emission and Disposal Estimates

List of Figures

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