Models and Databases

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Databases

General Information

Compendium of Pesticide Common Names - For purposes of trade, registration and legislation, and for use in popular and scientific publications, pesticides need names that are short, distinctive, nonproprietary and widely-accepted. Systematic chemical names are rarely short and are not convenient for general use, and so standards bodies assign common names to pesticides. More than 1000 of these names have been assigned by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).

Environmental Effects

Ecological Incident Information System - includes the data and location of the incident, type and magnitude of effects observed in various species, use(s) of pesticides known or suspected of contributing to the incident, and the results of any chemical residue and cholinesterase activity analyses conducted during the incident investigation. For more information on this database, contact Nicholas Mastrota at Mastrota.Nicholas@epa.gov or call 703-305-5247.
Ecotoxicity Database - contains ecotoxicity studies submitted by registrants to support the registration or approval of their pesticide products. Ecotoxicity studies measure the effects of chemicals on fish, wildlife, plants, and other wild organisms. For more information about this database, contact Brian Montague at Montague.Brian@epa.gov or call 703-305-6438.
EXTOXNET - The EXtension TOXicology NETwork contains information relating to health and environmental effects, pesticide fact sheets and toxicology information.
Pesticide Fate Database - contains environmental fate and transport data for about 250 pesticide active ingredients. For more information, contact Larry Liu at Liu.Larry@epa.gov or call 703-305-5372.

Health Effects

Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS) - IRIS is a database of human health effects that may result from exposure to various substances found in the environment.

National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (NPIRS) is a set of six subscription access online databases offered by the Center for Environmental and Regulatory Information Systems (CERIS) at Purdue University. NPIRS has information on pesticide product labels, pesticide registration support, and residue tolerances, as well as pesticide chemical fact sheets, material safety data sheets, and the daily Federal Register. CERIS members, pesticide manufacturers and users, food processors, libraries, law firms, and state/federal agencies use NPIRS.

The Pesticide Handler Exposure Database (PHED) is a database containing voluntarily submitted empirical exposure data for workers involved in the handling or application of pesticides in the field; it currently contains data for over 2000 monitored exposure events. The basic assumption underlying the system is that exposure to pesticide handlers can be calculated generically, based on the available empirical data for chemicals, as worker exposure is primarily a function of the formulation type and the handling activities (e.g., packaging type, mixing/loading/application method, and clothing scenario), rather than chemical-specific properties. Contact Alan Dixon at dixon.alan@epa.gov or call 703-305-7237 for assistance.

Toxicological Profiles - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) produces "toxicological profiles" for hazardous substances found at National Priorities List (NPL) sites. These hazardous substances are ranked based on frequency of occurrence at NPL sites, toxicity, and potential for human exposure. Toxicological profiles are developed from a priority list of 275 substances.

TOXNET - A group of databases on toxicology, hazardous chemicals, and related areas.

Regulatory Information

The Food Commodity Intake Database (FCID) was developed as a cooperative effort by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and OPP for use by EPA and other organizations when conducting the exposure components of dietary risk assessments. The FCID includes data from two surveys conducted by USDA: Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals, and a Supplemental Children's Survey. These surveys provide useful information on 5,831 different foods and beverages people of different ages reported eating in 1994-96 and 1998. (FCID) is available on CD-ROM from the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). The product order number is PB2000-500101.

The Label Review Manual was developed as a training tool and guidance for reviews of pesticide product labels. The goals are to improve the quality of labels and increase the consistency of reviews. The manual describes what a pesticide is and what constitutes a label and labeling and also provides step-by-step instructions for reviewing a pesticide label and how unique issues have been handled in the past.
National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (NPIRS) is a set of six subscription access online databases offered by the Center for Environmental and Regulatory Information Systems (CERIS) at Purdue University. NPIRS has information on pesticide product labels, pesticide registration support, and residue tolerances, as well as pesticide chemical fact sheets, material safety data sheets, and the daily Federal Register. CERIS members, pesticide manufacturers and users, food processors, libraries, law firms, and state/federal agencies use NPIRS.
Pesticide Data Program - In 1991, the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) was charged with implementing a program to collect data on pesticide residues in food. The data are used by EPA to support its dietary risk assessment process and pesticide registration process.
The Pesticide Data Submitters List is a compilation of names and addresses of registrants who wish to be notified and offered compensation for use of their data. It was developed to assist pesticide applicants in fulfilling their obligation as required by sections 3(c)(1)(f) and 3(c)(2)(D) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) and 40 CFR Part 152, subpart E regarding ownership of data used to support registration.
The Pesticide Product Information System (PPIS) contains information concerning all pesticide products registered in the United States. It includes registrant name and address, chemical ingredients, toxicity category, product names, distributor brand names, site/pest uses, pesticidal type, formulation code, and registration status. The PPIS files are in ascii format. Interested parties may access them using a variety of database and spreadsheet software.
The Pesticide Product Label System (PPLS) is a collection of images of pesticide labels that have been approved by the Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP). The label images are indexed by EPA registration number and the date on which the label was initially registered or amended.
Pesticide Products Databases - The National Pesticide Information Retrieval System (NPIRS) worked with OPP and the California Department of Pesticide Regulation to develop an interactive database that offers brief registration information on approximately 90,000 products. The data include: product number and name, company number and name, registration date, cancellation date, existing stocks date, and reason (if cancelled), and product manager name and phone number. Also offered are databases containing chemical ingredient information, searchable by common, technical, synonym, CAS number, or trade names, and firm information, searchable by firm number or name.

Models

When EPA assesses the risk of a pesticide to human health or the environment, it considers the toxicity of the pesticide as well as the amount of pesticide to which a person or the environments may be exposed. In assessing exposure, scientists frequently use mathematical models to predict pesticide concentrations in food, water, residential, and occupational environments.

Probabilistic Exposure and Risk Model for FUMigants (PERFUM) - is used for calculating distributional exposure to soil fumigants which have emitted from treated agricultural fields.
Swimmer Exposure Assessment Model (SWIMODEL) - The Swimmer Exposure Assessment Model was developed by EPA as a screening tool to conduct exposure assessments of pesticides found in indoor swimming pools and spas.

The following water models are used to assess exposure:
- surface water:
  - PRZM3 (Pesticide Root Zone Mode)
  - EXAMS (Exposure Analysis Modeling System)
  - FIRST (FQPA Index Reservoir Screening Tool)
  - GENEEC (GENeric Estimated Exposure Concentration)
- ground water:
  - SCI-GROW (Screening Concentration In GROund Water

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