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Rule and Implementation Information for Pulp and Paper Production
Announcements
New Source Performance Standards – Kraft Pulp Mills
May 14, 2013 - EPA proposes updates to the new source performance standards (NSPS) for kraft pulp mills. The proposed amendments would apply to recovery furnaces, smelt dissolving tanks and lime kilns commencing construction, reconstruction or modification after this proposal is published in the Federal Register.
- Proposed Rule (PDF) (133pp, 328k)
- Fact Sheet (PDF) (3pp, 25k)
This website focuses on the pulp and paper production MACT (MACT I and III) standards, the kraft pulp mill New Source Performance Standards, and provides available information on chemical recovery MACT (MACT II) standards. Additionally, this website references the effluent limitations guidelines, pretreatment standards, and new source performance standards developed by EPA's Office of Water, as appropriate. The effluent standards, etc. are available on the Cluster Rule Website.
- MACT I: Controlling HAP emissions from the pulp and paper production areas of mills using the kraft, sulfite, semi-chemical, and soda pulping processes,
- MACT II:(MM) Controlling HAP emissions from the pulping chemical recovery combustion areas of mills,
- MACT III: Controlling HAP emissions from pulp and paper production areas of mills using mechanical, secondary fiber, and non-wood pulping, and papermaking systems at all mills, and
- Kraft Pulp Mill NSPS: Controlling particulate matter and total reduced sulfur (TRS) compounds from sources at kraft pulp mills.
From the listing below, find the file you would like to download. The document may be available in one or more file formats, as represented by the icons on the right hand side of the listing.
| Rule Information | Technical Information | Implementation Information |
Rule Information
The pulp and paper MACT standards and amendments are available, when final, in the Code of Federal Regulations in Title 40 CFR Part 63. Standards for both MACT I and III standards are integrated into one subpart (Subpart S). MACT II standards are in a separate subpart (Subpart MM).
Federal Register Notices:
| Date | Citation | Action | Description | File |
| 09/11/12 | 77FR55698 | Final | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From the Pulp and Paper Industry; Final Rule/Residual Risk and Technology |  |
| 12/27/11 | 76FR81328 | Proposed | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From the Pulp and Paper Industry; Proposed Rule/Residual Risk and Technology | |
| 11/02/04 | 69FR63452 | Direct Final | Approval of Section 112(l) Authority for Hazardous Air Pollutants; Equivalency by Permit Provisions; National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From the Pulp and Paper Industry; State of Georgia-Direct Final | |
| 05/06/04 | 69FR63489 | Proposed | Approval of Section 112(l) Authority for Hazardous Air Pollutants; Equivalency by Permit Provisions; National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants From the Pulp and Paper Industry; State of Georgia-Proposed | |
| 05/06/04 | 69FR25321 | Technical Corrections |
National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Chemical Recovery Combustion Sources at Kraft, Soda, Sulfite, and Stand-Alone Semichemical Pulp Mills: Subpart MM Final rule; technical corrections | |
| 04/13/04 | 69FR19733 | Direct Final Rule | Site-Specific Rulemaking for Packaging Corporation of America's Pulp and Paper Mill Located in Tomahawk, WI, Pursuant to the Joint State/EPA Agreement To Pursue Regulatory Innovation | |
| 04/13/04 | 69FR19742 | Proposal | Site-Specific Rulemaking for Packaging Corporation of America's Pulp and Paper Mill Located in Tomahawk, WI, in Pursuant to the Joint State/ EPA Agreement To Pursue Regulatory Innovation; Direct Final Rule and Proposed Rule | |
| 07/18/03 | 68FR42603 | Amendment | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Chemical Recovery Combustion Sources at Kraft, Soda, Sulfite, and Stand-Alone Semichemical Pulp Mills-Amendment | |
| 05/08/03 | 68FR24653 | Correction | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Chemical Recovery Combustion Sources at Kraft, Soda, Sulfite, and Stand-Alone Semichemical Pulp Mills-Correcting administrative amendments; change in effective date. | |
| 02/18/03 | 68FR7706 | Direct Final Rule | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Chemical Recovery Combustion Sources at Kraft, Soda, Sulfite, and Stand-Alone Semichemical Pulp Mills-Amendments | |
| 08/06/01 | 66FR41086 | correction | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Chemical Recovery Combustion Sources at Kraft, Soda, Sulfite, and Stand-Alone Semichemical Pulp Mills-correction | |
| 07/19/01 | 66FR37593 | Final rule; technical corrections | National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Chemical Recovery Combustion Sources at Kraft, Soda, Sulfite, and Stand-Alone Semichemical Pulp Mills-correction | |
| 01/22/01 | 66FR6922 | Final Rule Amendments | Subpart S Includes amendments to Appendix C that adds "multiple zone" compliance proceedures for biological treatment systems used by MACT I standards. | |
| 01/12/01 | 66FR3180 | Final Rule | Final rule for MACT II covers chemical recovery combustion sources | |
| 12/22/00 | 65FR80755 | Final Rule Amendments | Amendments to add alternatives to the testing and monitoring of boilers and open biological treatment units used for air pollution control in the MACT I rule. | |
| 01/25/00 | 65FR3907 | Proposed Rule Amendments | Proposed amendments to add alternatives to the testing and monitoring of boilers and open biological treatment units used for air pollution control in the MACT I rule. | |
| 12/28/98 | 63FR71385 | Direct final rule, & proposed rule | Amendments to MACT I rule establishing an alternative bleach plant MACT standard for mills enrolled in the Voluntary Advanced Technology Incentives Program. | |
| 09/16/98 | 63FR49455 | Final Rule: interpretation and technical amendment | Amendments to MACT I rule regarding applicability to excess emission allowance for condensate treatment systems. | |
| 08/07/98 | 63FR42238 | Final Rule: correction | Correction of minor errors on the 4-15-98 notice (63 FR 18504) above. |
|
| 04/15/98 | 63FR18755 | Proposal | Proposal of the MACT II chemical recovery combustion Sources | |
| 04/15/98 | 63FR18504 | Final Rules | Final Rule for MACT I & III production areas of the mill. Final effluent limitations guidelines, pretreatment standards, and new source performance standards developed by EPA's Office of Water | |
| 07/15/96 | 61FR36835 | Notice of Availability | Describes goals for environmental improvement and frame work for effluent limitations guidelines, pretreatment standards, and new source performance standards for this industry | |
| 03/08/96 | 61FR9383 | Supplemental Information, Proposed Rule, & Open Comment Period | Supplemental information was provided on the MACT I production rule. Proposed rules for the MACT III production areas. |  |
| 12/17/93 | 58FR66078 | Proposal | Cluster Rule Proposal (Includes proposal of MACT I production rules) | |
NOTES: Citations not marked with an asterisk are to the page where the regulatory text begins. Citations marked with an asterisk do not contain preamble text and are to the page where the entry begins. All files are Government Printing Office (GPO) files unless otherwise indicated.
Closely Related Rules, Policies or Program Guidance
| 40 CFR 60 | Standards of Performance for Kraft Pulp Mills -- Subpart BB |
| 40 CFR 430 | Effluent Guidelines and Standards -- Pulp, Paper, and Paper Board Point Source Category |
| Other MACTs: | Paper And Other Web (Film and Foil) Paper Coating MACT |
Technical Information
WATER9 is a Windows based computer program for estimating air emissions of individual waste constituents in wastewater/waste. Further information or a copy of the WATER 9 can be obtained from EPA (http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/software/water/index.html ). You can also contact the Air Emissions Model Hotline at (919) 541-5610 for support or more information about this model.
Kraft Pulp Mills NSPS Review - Background Information Documents
Pulp and Paper Subpart S RTR - Background Information Documents
| 09/2012 | Review of ICR Responses on Startup and Shutdown of Subpart S Equipment | |
| 09/2012 | Ample Margin of Safety Analysis | |
| 09/2012 | Economic Impact Analysis - NESHAP Subpart S for Pulp and Paper Revisions | |
| 09/2012 | Final Risk Assessment for the Pulp and Paper Source Category | 8.7 MB |
| 09/2012 | Final Rule Costs, Environmental and Energy Impacts Memo | |
| 09/2012 | Residual Risk Remodeling Recommendations Analysis | |
| 12/2011 | Summary of Kraft Condensate Control Technology Review | |
| 12/2011 | Inputs to the Pulp and Paper Industry October 2011 Residual Risk Modeling | |
| 12/2011 | Summary of Clean Condensate Alternative Technology Review | |
| 12/2011 | Section 112(d)(6) Technology Review for Pulping and Papermaking Processes | |
Background Information Document (BID)/Response to Comments
Paper copies of some of these documents, as supplies permit are available through the EPA Library Services Office (MD-35), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711.
| 09/2012 | Response to Public Comments on December 27, 2011 Proposed RTR | |
| 8/2000 | "Response to Public Comments on January 25, 2000 Pulp and Paper MACT I Proposed Amendments", Memorandum to Kent Hustvedt, Waste and Chemical Process Group, USEPA/OAR/OAQPS, from Stephen Shedd, WCPG, USEPA/OAR/OAQPS, RTP, NC, August 22, 2000. | |
| 7/99 | "Technical Support Document for Evaluation of Aerobic Biological Treatment Units with Multiple Mixing Zones", US EPA, OAR, OAQPS, Waste and Chemicals Process Group, RTP, NC. | |
| 4/98 | Various Technical Support Documents, for pulp and paper effluent limitations guidelines, pretreatment standards, and new source performance standards developed by EPA's Office of Water. | |
| 01/21/98 | Chemical Recovery Combustion Sources at U.S. Sulfite Pulp Mills, EPA, OAR, OAQPS, Draft.Three Parts | |
| 10/97 | Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Industry - Background Information for Promulgated Air Emission Standards, Manufacturing Processes at Kraft, Sulfite, Soda, Semi-Chemical Mills, Mechanical, and Secondary and Non-wood Fiber Mills, US EPA, OAR, OAQPS, October 1997, EPA-453/R-93-050b. | |
| 07/08/97 | Revised Draft,Chemical Pulping Emission Factor Development Document, Prepared for: U.S. EPA, OAQPS. |
|
| 10/96 | Technical Support Document: Chemical Recovery Combustion Sources at Kraft and Soda Pulp Mills, US EPA, OAR, OAQPS, EPA-453/R-96-012. |
|
| 10/93 | Pulp, Paper, and Paperboard Industry - Background Information for Proposed Air Emission Standards, Manufacturing Processes at Kraft, Sulfite, Soda, and Semi-Chemical Mills, US EPA, OAR, OAQPS. EPA-453/R-93-050a | |
FACT Sheets
| 8/2003 | FACT Sheet: National Emission Standards to Control Hazardous Air Pollutants Emitted from Pulp and Paper Mills | |
| 4/98 | Series of Cluster Rule fact sheets. |  |
| 08/31/98 | Interpretive and technical amendments to the final air toxics regulation for pulp and paper production | |
| 12/18/98 | Direct Final Amendment: Alternative Bleach Plant Standard for VATIP Mills | |
| 03/31/99 | Direct Final Rule on Interpretation and Technical Amendments | |
| 01/10/00 | Proposed Amendments on the Testing and Monitoring of Boilers and Open Biological Treament Units used for Air Pollution Control | |
| 12/07/00 | Final Amendments on the Testing and Monitoring of Boilers and Open Biological Treament Units used for Air Pollution Control | |
Implementation Information
Enabling Documents
| 4-8-04 | Additional Information from EPA/OAQPS on the Clean Condensate Alternative in subpart R | |
| 3/03 | Letter on clarification of the Clean Condensate Alternative, To Larry Webber, Georgia DNR from Doug Neeley, EPA R4, March 27, 2003. | |
| For support and information on Water 9 Model | |
|
| 3/28/01 | Letter on Performance Specifications and Applicability of 63.8 for CMS | |
| 5/30/01 | Letter on UNOX Systems and NCASI Test Methods, Letter to Larry Price, Smurfit Stone Container Corp., from J. David Mobly, Emissions Monitoring and Analysis Division, US EPA. | 280KB |
| 11/5/99 | Letter on Pulp and Paper MACT Condensate Averaging Times, Letter to R.W. Gore, Chief of Air Division, Alabama Dept. of Environmental Management, from W.A. Smith, Director, Air, Pesticides and Toxics Management Division, EPA Region IV. | |
| 9/99 | Questions and Answers (Q&A's) for Pulp and Paper NESHAP (40 CFR Part 63, subpart S), US EPA/OAR/OAQPS, Waste and Chemicals Processes Group, RTP, NC. | |
| 1998 | TAPPI Cluster Rule Symposium, Manual, TAPPI PRESS, Technology Park/Atlanta, P.O. Box 105113, Atlanta Ga. 30348-5113 | |
| 12/97 | Workshops on EPA's Final Cluster Rule for the Pulp and Paper Industry, Manual, by the American Forest and Paper Association and the National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement | |
| 12/97 | Summary Flow Diagrams of the Pulp and Paper MACT Standard, Revised, US EPA/OAR/OAQPS, Waste and Chemicals Processes Group, RTP, NC. | |
| Test Method Lead: | Gary McAlister, EPA, Office of Air and Radiation | |
| Compliance Lead: | Leonard Lazarus, EPA, Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance | |
| Applicability Leads: | Contact the local or State air pollution permit authority for applicability determinations. The EPA regional office contacts can provide information on the permit authority. | |
| Effluent Leads: | See Cluster Rule OW Contacts |
Source Identification & Location Information
| 09/24/97 | Pulp and Paper Mills Subject to Combined Air and Water Rules | |
| Pulp Manufacturing Data Base, Sector Facility Indexing Project, U.S. EPA, Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance | |
Final Rule Summary Documents
| 12/97 | Summary Flow Diagrams of the Pulp and Paper MACT Standard, Revised, US EPA/OAR/OAQPS, Waste and Chemicals Processes Group, RTP, NC. |
|
| 9/01 | Pulp and Paper NESHAP: A Plain English Description , EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, EPA-456/R-01-002 | |
| Pulp and Paper NESHAP: A Plain English Description , EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, EPA-456/R-01-002-Flowchart Summary | |
|
| Pulp and Paper NESHAP: A Plain English Description , EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, EPA-456/R-01-002-Control Requirements | |
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| Pulp and Paper NESHAP: A Plain English Description , EPA, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, EPA-456/R-01-002-Compliance Checklists | |
Outreach and Training Materials
| Special training video tape for State and local air pollution regulators, Entitled: What Is Up with the Pulp and Paper Cluster Rule?, Contact: EPA, Education and Outreach Group. | |
| MACT II Pulp and Paper Combustion Sources National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP): A Plain English Description, EPA-456/R-01-003 (PDF format) |
appendices |
| MACT II Pulp and Paper Combustion Sources National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP): A Plain English Description, EPA-456/R-01-003 (WordPerfect Format) | appendices |
Compliance and Enforcement Information
| Pulp and Paper Chemical Recovery Combustion Sources (MM) Inspector Checklist | |
| Spreadsheet software for performing calculations related to the PM bubble compliance alternative | |
| OECA Pulp and Paper Sector Web Site includes the following information: | |
| 1) Profile of the Pulp and Paper Industry, EPA Office of Compliance Sector Notebook Project, U.S. EPA, OECA, September 1995, EPA/310-R-95-015. | |
| 2) Kraft Pulp Mill Compliance Assessment Guide (CAA, CWA, RCRA, & EPCRA), U.S. EPA, OECA, May 1999, EPA/310-B-99-001. | |
| 3) Pulp Manufacturing Data Base, Sector Facility Indexing Project, U.S. EPA, OECA. |
NOTE: Most links on this page are pointers to other hosts and locations in the Internet. This information is provided as a service; however the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency does not endorse, approve or otherwise support these sites.